ZHCSEV8D March 2016 – January 2018 ADS131A02 , ADS131A04
PRODUCTION DATA.
In this configuration, line voltage is measured as a single-ended input. The 230-VRMS signal must be stepped down such that the signal peaks fall within the measurement range of the ADS131A04 when using the internal 2.442-V reference. A voltage divider using the series combination of multiple R1 resistors and the R2 resistor steps the input to within an acceptable range. Using multiple R1 resistors along with proper spacing disperses energy among several components and provides a line of defense against short-circuits caused when one resistor fails. The output of this voltage divider can be calculated using Equation 10:
If R1 and R2 are chosen as 330 kΩ and 3.9 kΩ, respectively, the voltage at the input of the ADS131A0x is 0.9025 VRMS, corresponding to a 1.276 Vpeak that is within the measurement range of the ADC.
Line current is measured by stepping the input current down through a current transformer (CT) then shunting the current on the secondary side through burden resistors. Then, the voltage is measured across the resistors and current is back calculated in the processor. The voltage across the burden resistors R4 is measured differentially by grounding the node between the two resistors. Equation 11 relates the voltage at the input to the ADS131A0x to the line current.
If a CT with a 2000:1 turns ratio is used and R4 is chosen to be 8.2 Ω, then 100 ARMS of line current corresponds to 0.82 VRMS (1.16 Vpeak) at the input to the ADS131A0x. The design minimum line current of 50 mARMS corresponds to 0.41 mVRMS (0.58 mVpeak).
The combination of R3 and C1 on each line serves as an antialiasing filter. Having C1 populated differentially between the inputs helps improve common-mode rejection because the tolerance of the capacitor is shared between the inputs. The half-power frequency of this filter can be calculated according to Equation 12:
A filter with R3 populated as 100 Ω and C1 as 2.7 nF gives a cutoff frequency of approximately 295 kHz. This filter provides nearly 17 dB of attenuation at the modulator frequency when the ADS131A04 modulator frequency is set to 2.048 MHz. R3 must be kept relatively low because large series resistance degrades THD.
To get an accurate picture of instantaneous power, the phase delay of the current transformer must be taken into account. Many kinds of digital filters can be implemented in the application processor to delay the current measurement to better align with the input voltage.