The INA28x family makes accurate measurements well outside of its own power-supply voltage (V+) because the inputs (+IN and –IN) operate anywhere between –14 V and +80 V independent of V+. For example, the V+ power supply can be 5 V while the common-mode voltage being monitored by the shunt may be as high as 80 V. Of course, the output voltage range of the INA28x family is constrained by the V+ supply voltage. Note that when the power to the INA28x family is off (that is, no voltage is supplied to the V+ pin), the input pins (+IN and –IN) are high impedance with respect to ground and typically leak less than ±1 μA over the full common-mode range of –14 V to +80 V