The ISO 11898-2:2024 Annex A standard specifies the interconnect to be a twisted pair cable (shielded or unshielded) with 100Ω characteristic impedance (Z_O). Resistors equal to the characteristic impedance of the line should be used to terminate both ends of the cable to prevent signal reflections. Unterminated drop lines (stubs) connecting nodes to the bus should be kept as short as possible to minimize signal reflections. The termination may be on the cable or in a node, but if nodes may be removed from the bus, the termination must be carefully placed so that two terminations always exist on the network. Termination may be a single 100Ω resistor at the end of the bus, either on the cable or in a terminating node. If filtering and stabilization of the common mode voltage of the bus is desired, then split termination may be used. Split termination improves the electromagnetic emissions behavior of the network by eliminating fluctuations in the bus common-mode voltages at the start and end of message transmissions.