9.2.4 System Power Supply Monitor Design Guidelines using VMON/POK

The VMON1_ER_VSYS pin provides a way to monitor a system power supply. This system power supply is typically a single pre-regulated power source for the entire system. This supply is monitored by comparing the output of an external voltage divider circuit sourced by this supply with an internal voltage reference, with a power fail event being triggered when the voltage applied to VMON1_ER_VSYS drops below the internal reference voltage. The actual system power supply voltage trip point is determined by the system designer when selecting component values used to implement the external resistor voltage divider circuit. When designing the resistor divider circuit it is important to understand various factors which contribute to variability in the system power supply monitor trip point. The first thing to consider is the initial accuracy of the VMON1_ER_VSYS input threshold which has a nominal value of 0.45 V, with a variation of ±3%. Precision 1% resistors with similar thermal coefficient are recommended for implementing the resistor voltage divider. This minimizes variability contributed by resistor value tolerances. Input leakage current associated with VMON1_ER_VSYS must also be considered since any current flowing into the pin creates a loading error on the voltage divider output. The VMON1_ER_VSYS input leakage current may be in the range of 10 nA to 2.5 μA when applying 0.45 V.

Figure 9-5 presents an example, where the system power supply is nominally 5 V and the maximum trigger threshold is 5 V - 10%, or 4.5 V.

For this example, it is important to understand which variables effect the maximum trigger threshold when selecting resistor values. It is obvious a device which has a VMON1_ER_VSYS input threshold of 0.45 V + 3% needs to be considered when trying to design a voltage divider that doesn’t trip until the system supply drops 10%. The effect of resistor tolerance and input leakage also needs to be considered, but how these contributions effect the maximum trigger point may not be obvious. When selecting component values which produce a maximum trigger voltage, the system designer must consider a condition where the value of R1 is 1% low and the value of R2 is 1% high combined with a condition where input leakage current for the VMON1_ER_VSYS pin is 2.5 μA. When implementing a resistor divider where R1 = 4.81 KΩ and R2 = 40.2 KΩ, the result is a maximum trigger threshold of 4.523 V.

Once component values have been selected to satisfy the maximum trigger voltage as described above, the system designer can determine the minimum trigger voltage by calculating the applied voltage that produces an output voltage of 0.45 V - 3% when the value of R1 is 1% high and the value of R2 is 1% low, and the input leakage current is 10 nA, or zero. Using an input leakage of zero with the resistor values given above, the result is a minimum trigger threshold of 4.008 V.

This example demonstrates a system power supply voltage trip point that ranges from 4.008 V to 4.523 V. Approximately 250 mV of this range is introduced by VMON1_ER_VSYS input threshold accuracy of ±3%, approximately 150 mV of this range is introduced by resistor tolerance of ±1%, and approximately 100 mV of this range is introduced by loading error when VMON1_ER_VSYS input leakage current is 2.5 μA.

The resistor values selected in this example produces approximately 100 μA of bias current through the resistor divider when the system supply is 4.5 V. The 100 mV of loading error mentioned above could be reduced to about 10 mV by increasing the bias current through the resistor divider to approximately 1 mA. So resistor divider bias current vs loading error is something the system designer needs to consider when selecting component values.

The system designer should also consider implementing a noise filter on the voltage divider output since VMON1_ER_VSYS has minimum hysteresis and a high-bandwidth response to transients. This could be done by installing a capacitor across R1 as shown in Figure 9-5. However, the system designer must determine the response time of this filter based on system supply noise and expected response to transient events.

Figure 9-5 presents an example, when the system power supply voltage is nominally 5 V and the desired trigger threshold is -10% or 4.5 V.

Figure 9-5 System Supply Monitor Voltage Divider Circuit

The VMON2_IR_VCPU pin provides a way to monitor VDD_CPU power supply. Must be externally connected as close as possible to VDD_CPU pin on the board. SoCs that have a VMON6_IR_VEXT0P8 can optionally monitor other domains such as VDD_CORE or VDD_MCU. Similarly, those signals should be as close as possible to VDD_CORE or VDD_MCU pin on the board.

The VMON3_IR_VEXT1P8 and VMON4_IR_VEXT1P8 pins provide a way to monitor an external 1.8-V power supply. The VMON5_IR_VEXT3P3 pin provides a way to monitor an external 3.3-V power supply. An internal resistor divider with software control is implemented inside the SoC. Software can program the internal resistor divider to create appropriate under voltage and over voltage interrupts. These pins should not be sourced from an external resistor divider. If the monitored voltage requires adjustment, be sure to buffer the divided voltage prior connecting to monitor pin.