8.3.1 General Operation

The TPS92515AHV-Q1 operates using a peak-current, constant OFF-time as described in Figure 11. Two states dictate the high-side FET control. The switch remains on until the programmed peak current is reached. The device controls the peak current by monitoring the voltage across the sense resistor. When the voltage drop is higher than the programmed threshold, the peak current is reached, and the switch is turned OFF, which begins the OFF-time period. A capacitor on the COFF pin is then charged through a resistor connected to the output. When the COFF pin voltage reaches the 1-V (typical) threshold, the OFF-time ends. The COFF pin capacitor resets and the main switch turns ON, and the next cycle begins.

Figure 11. Hysteretic Operation

Although commonly referred to as constant OFF-time, it is the output votage that determines the OFF-time. This connection ensures constant peak-to-peak ripple. To maintain a constant ripple over various input and output voltages, the converter OFF-time becomes shorter or longer resulting in a change in frequency. If the input voltage and output voltage are relatively constant, the frequency also remains constant. If either the input voltage or the output voltage changes, the frequency changes. For a fixed input voltage, the device operates at the maximum frequency at 50% duty cycle and the frequency reduces as the duty cycle becomes shorter or longer. A graphical representation is shown in Figure 12. For a fixed output voltage (V_LED), the frequency is always the maximum at the highest input voltage as shown in Figure 13.

Fixed input voltage

Figure 12. Frequency vs LED Output Voltage

Fixed LED voltage

Figure 13. Frequency vs Input Voltage (V_IN)

Because the OFF-time is proportional to the output voltage, it is possible to illustrate how V_LED can be removed from the output current equation. When V_LED >> V_OFT , the output ripple can be defined as shown in Equation 1.

.

Equation 2.

Substitute dt in Equation 1 to create Equation 3.

Equation 3.

Equation 4.

When V_LED >≈ 10 V, use the I_LED calculation Equation 4. The Detailed Design Procedure section describes a design example that uses the more detailed equation. A V_LED > 10 V ensures a linear charging ramp below 1 V. If V_LED <≈10 V, use Equation 5 that considers the exponential charging characteristic.

Equation 5.

Because the control method relies on thresholds to control the main switch, offsets and delays must also be considered when examining the output accuracy. The I_LED equation can be expanded to include these error sources as shown in Equation 6. I_LED equations include several passive components, so it is important to consider the tolerance of each component. The V_{CST_Offset} parameter is the variation in the V_CST threshold between the typical and maximum or minimum values as defined in the Electrical Characteristics table.

Equation 6.