A typical operation for the TVS1801 would be protecting a 12-V input voltage line with a wide variance requiring extra standoff from the nominal voltage, up to 18 V, as shown in Figure 9-1. In this example, a TVS1801 is protecting the input to a LM2734, a buck converter with an input voltage range of 20 V and an absolute maximum input voltage of 24 V. This input must be protected against transient voltage surge events, and must have protection for reverse applied voltage in case of cable shorts or in case of operator wiring error. Without any input protection, this input voltage will rise to hundreds of volts for multiple microseconds, and violate the absolute maximum input voltage and harm the device if a surge event is caused by lightning, coupling, ringing, or any other fault condition. TI's Flat-Clamp technology provides surge protection diodes that can maximize the useable voltage range and clamp at a safe level for the system.