米6体育平台手机版

SPRU513Y August 2001 – June 2022 SM320F28335-EP

Read This First
1. About This Manual
2. How to Use This Manual
3. Notational Conventions
4. Related Documentation From Texas Instruments
5. Trademarks
1 Introduction to the Software Development Tools
1. 1.1 Software Development Tools Overview
2. 1.2 Tools Descriptions
2 Introduction to Object Modules
1. 2.1 Object File Format Specifications
2. 2.2 Executable Object Files
3. 2.3 Introduction to Sections
  1. 2.3.1 Special Section Names
4. 2.4 How the Assembler Handles Sections
5. 2.5 How the Linker Handles Sections
  1. 2.5.1 Combining Input Sections
  2. 2.5.2 Placing Sections
6. 2.6 Symbols
7. 2.7 Symbolic Relocations
  1. 2.7.1 Expressions With Multiple Relocatable Symbols (COFF Only)
8. 2.8 Loading a Program
3 Program Loading and Running
1. 3.1 Loading
  1. 3.1.1 Load and Run Addresses
  2. 3.1.2 Bootstrap Loading
2. 3.2 Entry Point
3. 3.3 Run-Time Initialization
4. 3.4 Arguments to main
5. 3.5 Run-Time Relocation
6. 3.6 Additional Information
4 Assembler Description
1. 4.1 Assembler Overview
2. 4.2 The Assembler's Role in the Software Development Flow
3. 4.3 Invoking the Assembler
4. 4.4 Controlling Application Binary Interface
5. 4.5 Naming Alternate Directories for Assembler Input
  1. 4.5.1 Using the --include_path Assembler Option
  2. 4.5.2 Using the C2000_A_DIR Environment Variable
6. 4.6 Source Statement Format
7. 4.7 Literal Constants
8. 4.8 Assembler Symbols
9. 4.9 Expressions
10. 4.10 Built-in Functions and Operators
  1. 4.10.1 Built-In Math and Trigonometric Functions
11. 4.11 TMS320C28x Assembler Extensions
12. 4.12 Source Listings
13. 4.13 Debugging Assembly Source
14. 4.14 Cross-Reference Listings
15. 4.15 Smart Encoding
16. 4.16 Pipeline Conflict Detection
5 Assembler Directives
1. 5.1 Directives Summary
2. 5.2 Directives that Define Sections
3. 5.3 Directives that Initialize Values
4. 5.4 Directives that Perform Alignment and Reserve Space
5. 5.5 Directives that Format the Output Listings
6. 5.6 Directives that Reference Other Files
7. 5.7 Directives that Enable Conditional Assembly
8. 5.8 Directives that Define Union or Structure Types
9. 5.9 Directives that Define Enumerated Types
10. 5.10 Directives that Define Symbols at Assembly Time
11. 5.11 Miscellaneous Directives
12. 5.12 Directives Reference
  1. .align
  2. .asg/.define/.eval
  3. .asmfunc/.endasmfunc
  4. .bits
  5. .bss
  6. .byte/.ubyte/.char/.uchar
  7. .cdecls
  8. .clink
  9. .common
  10. .copy/.include
  11. .cstruct/.cunion/.endstruct/.endunion/.tag
  12. .data
  13. .drlist/.drnolist
  14. .elfsym
  15. .emsg/.mmsg/.wmsg
  16. .end
  17. .fclist/.fcnolist
  18. .field
  19. .float/.xfloat/.xldouble
  20. .global/.def/.ref
  21. .group/.gmember/.endgroup
  22. .if/.elseif/.else/.endif
  23. .int/.unint/.word/.uword
  24. .label
  25. .length/.width
  26. .list/.nolist
  27. .long/.ulong/.xlong
  28. .loop/.endloop/.break
  29. .macro/.endm
  30. .mlib
  31. .mlist/.mnolist
  32. .newblock
  33. .option
  34. .page
  35. .preserve
  36. .retain / .retainrefs
  37. .sblock
  38. .sect
  39. .set
  40. .space/.bes
  41. .sslist/.ssnolist
  42. .string/.cstring/.pstring
  43. .struct/.endstruct/.tag
  44. .symdepend
  45. .tab
  46. .text
  47. .title
  48. .unasg/.undefine
  49. .union/.endunion/.tag
  50. .usect
  51. .var
  52. .weak
6 Macro Language Description
1. 6.1 Using Macros
2. 6.2 Defining Macros
3. 6.3 Macro Parameters/Substitution Symbols
4. 6.4 Macro Libraries
5. 6.5 Using Conditional Assembly in Macros
6. 6.6 Using Labels in Macros
7. 6.7 Producing Messages in Macros
8. 6.8 Using Directives to Format the Output Listing
9. 6.9 Using Recursive and Nested Macros
10. 6.10 Macro Directives Summary
7 Archiver Description
1. 7.1 Archiver Overview
2. 7.2 The Archiver's Role in the Software Development Flow
3. 7.3 Invoking the Archiver
4. 7.4 Archiver Examples
5. 7.5 Library Information Archiver Description
8 Linker Description
1. 8.1 Linker Overview
2. 8.2 The Linker's Role in the Software Development Flow
3. 8.3 Invoking the Linker
4. 8.4 Linker Options
5. 8.5 Linker Command Files
6. 8.6 Linker Symbols
7. 8.7 Default Placement Algorithm
  1. 8.7.1 How the Allocation Algorithm Creates Output Sections
  2. 8.7.2 Reducing Memory Fragmentation
8. 8.8 Using Linker-Generated Copy Tables
9. 8.9 Linker-Generated CRC Tables and CRC Over Memory Ranges
10. 8.10 Partial (Incremental) Linking
11. 8.11 Linking C/C++ Code
12. 8.12 Linker Example
9 Absolute Lister Description
1. 9.1 Producing an Absolute Listing
2. 9.2 Invoking the Absolute Lister
3. 9.3 Absolute Lister Example
10Cross-Reference Lister Description
1. 10.1 Producing a Cross-Reference Listing
2. 10.2 Invoking the Cross-Reference Lister
3. 10.3 Cross-Reference Listing Example
11Object File Utilities
1. 11.1 Invoking the Object File Display Utility
2. 11.2 Invoking the Disassembler
3. 11.3 Invoking the Name Utility
4. 11.4 Invoking the Strip Utility
12Hex Conversion Utility Description
1. 12.1 The Hex Conversion Utility's Role in the Software Development Flow
2. 12.2 Invoking the Hex Conversion Utility
  1. 12.2.1 Invoking the Hex Conversion Utility From the Command Line
  2. 12.2.2 Invoking the Hex Conversion Utility With a Command File
3. 12.3 Understanding Memory Widths
4. 12.4 The ROMS Directive
  1. 12.4.1 When to Use the ROMS Directive
  2. 12.4.2 An Example of the ROMS Directive
5. 12.5 The SECTIONS Directive
6. 12.6 The Load Image Format (--load_image Option)
  1. 12.6.1 Load Image Section Formation
  2. 12.6.2 Load Image Characteristics
7. 12.7 Excluding a Specified Section
8. 12.8 Assigning Output Filenames
9. 12.9 Image Mode and the --fill Option
10. 12.10 Array Output Format
11. 12.11 Building a Table for an On-Chip Boot Loader
12. 12.12 Using Secure Flash Boot on TMS320F2838x Devices
13. 12.13 Controlling the ROM Device Address
14. 12.14 Control Hex Conversion Utility Diagnostics
15. 12.15 Description of the Object Formats
16. 12.16 Hex Conversion Utility Error Messages
13Sharing C/C++ Header Files With Assembly Source
1. 13.1 Overview of the .cdecls Directive
2. 13.2 Notes on C/C++ Conversions
3. 13.3 Notes on C++ Specific Conversions
4. 13.4 Special Assembler Support
A Symbolic Debugging Directives
1. A.1 DWARF Debugging Format
2. A.2 Debug Directive Syntax
B XML Link Information File Description
1. B.1 XML Information File Element Types
2. B.2 Document Elements
  1. B.2.1 Header Elements
  2. B.2.2 Input File List
  3. B.2.3 Object Component List
  4. B.2.4 Logical Group List
  5. B.2.5 Placement Map
  6. B.2.6 Symbol Table
C CRC Reference Implementation
1. C.1 Compilation Instructions
2. C.2 Reference CRC Calculation Routine
  1. C.2.1 Reference Implementation of a CRC Calculation Function: ref_crc.c
3. C.3 Linker-Generated Copy Tables and CRC Tables
  1. C.3.1 Main Routine for Example Application: main.c
  2. C.3.2 Checking CRC Values: check_crc.c
  3. C.3.3 Task1 Routine: task1.c
  4. C.3.4 Task2 Routine: task2.c
  5. C.3.5 Task3 Routine: task3.c
  6. C.3.6 Example 1 Command File: ex1.cmd (for COFF)
D Glossary
1. D.1 Terminology
E Revision History
499
500
501
502
E Earlier Revisions

9.3 Absolute Lister Example

This example uses three source files. The files module1.asm and module2.asm both include the file globals.def.

module1.asm

        .text
array   .usect  ".ebss",100
dflag   .usect  ".ebss", 2
        .copy   globals.def
        MOV     ACC, #offset
        MOV     ACC, #dflag

module2.asm

offset  .usect  ".ebss", 2
        .copy   globals.def
        MOV     ACC, #offset
        MOV     ACC, #array

globals.def

        .global dflag
        .global array
        .global offset

The following steps create absolute listings for the files module1.asm and module2.asm:

Step 1:

First, assemble module1.asm and module2.asm:

cl2000 module1
cl2000 module2

This creates two object files called module1.obj and module2.obj.

Step 2: Next, link module1.obj and module2.obj using the following linker command file, called bttest.cmd:

         --output_file=bttest.out
         --map_file=bttest.map
         module1.obj
         module2.obj
         MEMORY
         {
                 PAGE 0:   ROM:  origin=2000h  length=2000h
                 PAGE 1:   RAM:  origin=8000h  length=8000h
         }
         SECTIONS
         {
                 .data: >RAM
                 .text: >ROM
                 .ebss: >RAM
         }

Invoke the linker:

cl2000 --run_linker bttest.cmd

This command creates an executable object file called bttest.out; use this file as input for the absolute lister.

Step 3:

Now, invoke the absolute lister:

abs2000 bttest.out

This command creates two files called module1.abs and module2.abs:

module1.abs:

                      .nolist
            array     .setsym     000008000h
            dflag     .setsym     000008064h
            offset    .setsym     000008066h
            .data     .setsym     000008000h
            edata     .setsym     000008000h
            .text     .setsym     000002000h
            etext     .setsym     000002008h
            .usect    .setsym     000008000h
            end       .setsym     000008068h
                      .setsect    ".text",000002000h
                      .setsect    ".data",000008000h
                      .setsect    ".ebss",00008000h
                      .list
                      .text
                      .copy       "module1.asm"

module2.abs:

                       .nolist
             array     .setsym     000008000h
             dflag     .setsym     000008064h
             offset    .setsym     000008066h
             .data     .setsym     000008000h
             edata     .setsym     000008000h
             .text     .setsym     000002000h
             etext     .setsym     000002008h
             .usect    .setsym     000008000h
             end       .setsym     000008068h
                       .setsect    ".text",000002004h
                       .setsect    ".data",000008000h
                       .setsect    ".ebss",00008066h
                       .list
                       .text
                       .copy       "module2.asm"

These files contain the following information that the assembler needs for Step 4:

They contain .setsym directives, which equate values to global symbols. Both files contain global equates for the symbol dflag. The symbol dflag was defined in the file globals.def, which was included in module1.asm and module2.asm.
They contain .setsect directives, which define the absolute addresses for sections.
They contain .copy directives, which defines the assembly language source file to include.

The .setsym and .setsect directives are useful only for creating absolute listings, not normal assembly.

Step 4:

Finally, assemble the .abs files created by the absolute lister (remember that you must use the --absolute_listing option when you invoke the assembler):

cl2000 --absolute_listing module1.abs
cl2000 --absolute_listing module2.abs

This command sequence creates two listing files called module1.lst and module2.lst; no object code is produced. These listing files are similar to normal listing files; however, the addresses shown are absolute addresses.

The absolute listing files created are module1.lst (see module1.lst ) and module2.lst (see module2.lst).

module1.lst

module1.abs                                                          PAGE    1
     15 002000                 .text
     16                        .copy       "module1.asm"
      1 002000               .text
      2 008000       array   .usect  ".ebss",100
      3 008064       dflag   .usect  ".ebss",2
      4                      .copy   globals.def
      1                      .global dflag
      2                      .global array
      3                      .global offset
      5 002000 FF20!          MOV     ACC,#offset
        002001 8066
      6 002002 FF20-          MOV     ACC,#dflag
        002003 8064

module2.lst

module2.abs                                                          PAGE    1
     15 002004               .text
     16                      .copy       "module2.asm"
      1 008066       offset  .usect  ".ebss",2
      2                      .copy   globals.def
      1                      .global dflag
      2                      .global array
      3                      .global offset
      3 002004 FF20-          MOV     ACC,#offset
        002005 8066
      4 002006 FF20!          MOV     ACC,#array
        002007 8000