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One common problem with designing large systems is the mixing of different voltage levels within the system. For example, what happens when the controller and the target device do not run on the same voltage?
Larger systems can have multiple power sources with multiple voltages. These different voltages can power different I2C controllers and target devices. This section discusses voltage level translation and how these different I2C voltages interact.
Mismatched voltages in the supply can disrupt communication or even damage a device. The connection of the pullup resistors determines if the output voltage of one overdrives or underdrives the input of the next device. The following examples show some of the consequences of the mismatch.